He has come in the car they saw on the road, which is Nancy Derek's car. Moore wants to know where Adela is, and Aziz says she has gone down to see Nancy. Her chauffeur informs them that the two women have returned to Chandrapore.
Fielding feels that something is amiss as they remount the elephant and begin the journey to the train. Aziz, unaware that anything is wrong, is happy; Fielding is worried. When they arrive in Chandrapore, the Inspector of Police is waiting for them and arrests Aziz, who tries to resist, but Fielding persuades him to go along and goes with him.
He says it's obviously a misunderstanding, and they will clear it up. Turton refuses to allow Fielding to go along, and Ronny escorts his mother off the train.
We don't know yet why Adela has fled. We don't know what has happened in the cave. We also don't know why Aziz is being arrested. Suspense is a device that writers use to keep readers reading, and Forster is employing it here. If this were a cliffhanger, the hero would be hanging from the cliff at the end of this chapter. Fielding insists that it could not be and asks to talk to her.
Turton has already decided that an English girl fresh from England has been assaulted on his watch, and he expects Fielding to rally to the banner of race. Fielding wants to know the facts. Part 2: Chapter 17 Analysis This story is probably based at least in part on an actual occurrence in India in during the uproar that followed the Amritsar Massacre See Chapter 1 Analysis.
Marcella Sherwood, an English School Superintendent in Amritsar, was allegedly sexually assaulted in this period of extreme unrest. In earlier versions of this incident, Forster was much more explicit in the sexual aspects of the assault, and the strap of the field glasses was being used to strangle her. In that version, she used the glasses as a weapon to free herself from her attacker.
By the time Forster had revised it for publication, the attack is much more ambiguous, tentative, and tenuous, which makes the climax of this story possible.
The story: Aziz followed her into the cave and made advances, she hit at him with her field glasses, he pulled at them and the strap broke, and that is how she got away. The glasses were in Aziz's pocket when they searched him.
She also said there was an echo that frightened her. Fielding says that it doesn't make sense that he would have kept the glasses if he had assaulted her, and McBryde begins to understand that Fielding hasn't bought into the herd mentality that has taken over the Anglo community.
McBryde also points out that they found a letter in Aziz's pocket from a friend who owns a brothel in Calcutta. Fielding objects strongly. Besides, he says, I did that at his age. So had the superintendent of police, but he didn't like the turn the conversation had taken. Fielding wants to talk to Adela. Now McBryde wants to know why. Fielding replies that he wants to see her on the off chance that she'll recant before the report goes in. Otherwise, McBryde is committed for trial, and the whole thing goes to blazes.
Major Callendar denies him the chance to visit with Adela, so he wants to visit with Aziz. The only way he can see Aziz is if the city magistrate permits it. That, of course, is Ronny, so his request is not granted. Reason no longer plays a role in the proceedings.
We will see later that the same can be said about the Indian community. The Fielding character stands out as the voice of objective reason in this standoff between cultures, and religions and plays a pivotal role in the plot.
Fielding is not so sure that's a good idea, but Hamidullah is determined. Fielding asks Hamidullah to give Aziz his love, and he goes back to the college. Hamidullah is surprised that Fielding is taking Aziz's side against his own people. Fielding knows that it will create problems for him, but he is not afraid.
Professor Godbole comes to see him and after an exasperatingly roundabout discussion about other things, they discuss the situation with Aziz. Fielding says he intends to find out what did happen. He does not believe Aziz did what Adela says he did, that it might have been the servant, but he doesn't think it's malice on Adela's part.
He finally gets to see Aziz, but he will not talk to him except to say, "You deserted me. Part 2: Chapter 19 Analysis Fielding's role as mediator, voice of reason, continues in this chapter. Professor Godbole is dependably inscrutable and noncommittal. While he has the respect of the Indian community, he doesn't effectively play any role in what is going on. While the Anglos consider themselves superior to the Indians, Godbole, a Brahmin, knows he is.
While he doesn't use his superiority in such socially unacceptable actions as the Anglos, particularly the women, do, he also does not play an active role in helping anyone, not even the other Hindus. A meeting is called at the club presided over by the collector, who assures all the women that they are in no danger.
Fielding asks about Adela's health, which annoys the people. The women are sent out, and the men continue their meeting.
Then Ronny comes in and addresses them, blaming himself because he allowed the outing to occur. The word comes that Adela is much improved. Now the Major is telling a story he has concocted that Aziz plotted to get Adela alone by getting rid of the servants. They are even saying that Professor Godbole had been bribed to make Fielding late so he couldn't accompany them.
Also, there had been an attempt to suffocate Mrs. Moore in a cave to get rid of her. The Major wants to call in the troops. Everyone had stood up when Ronny came in except Fielding, and he is being questioned. He asks whether he can make a statement and is allowed to. Aziz to be innocent," he announces. Then he tells them that he is awaiting the verdict of the courts and that if he is pronounced guilty, he will resign his post and leave India.
He announces his resignation from the club. He tries to leave the room but is stopped by a soldier. Ronny tells him to let him go. Part 2: Chapter 20 Analysis The battle lines are clearly drawn, and mass hysteria has taken over the Anglo community.
The plot moves relentlessly toward its climax. It's also apparent at this stage that no one is going to win this battle. Even if the Brits manage to convict and punish Aziz, they will lose the important battle of maintaining order and civility in the region. If Aziz is not convicted, the Indians will be in worse shape than they were before the incident occurred.
There will be more distrust, more anger, and more persecution. They will try for bail again since Adela is improved. Part 2: Chapter 21 Analysis Contrast is an effective device that an author uses to highlight some aspect of a story. In this case, the sounding of drums that signaled the celebration seems ominous in light of what is going on in the city. However, itinerant musicians provide a contrast that irritates some with their cheerful and upbeat melodies but serves as a reminder of the seriousness of the political situation.
With the atmosphere in the city so tense, it doesn't seem a good time for a celebration. McBryde have been picking out of her skin. Her story is that she entered the cave, scratched the wall with her fingernail to start the echo, and a shadow entered down the entrance, shutting off her exit. She hit at him with the glasses, he grabbed them and pulled her around the cave by the strap until it broke, then she escaped. She feels that it's a lot of nonsense, that she's upset, but she'll get over it.
All the women are sympathetic, but Mrs. Moore will have nothing to do with her. There had been a near riot at the offices at the civil station, but it had been stopped, Ronny and McBryde tell her. She wants to know whether Mrs. Moore will be with her, and Ronny assures her that she will be, and that he will also be there. Since Ronny can't serve as magistrate in this case, it will come before his assistant, who is an Indian.
This decision has been protested, but Adela is not bothered by it. Now they tell her that Fielding is defending Aziz and has sent her a letter, which they have opened, in case it was useful to them. It wasn't. He only suggests that she has made a mistake and that Dr. Aziz is innocent. She replies, "Would that I had! Moore, who is not cordial. Ronny tells her she will have to testify, and she refuses. She wants nothing to do with it. Moore affirms, "Of course he is innocent.
She will not help them to torture the doctor for something he didn't do. Ronny decides to send his mother home before the trial so she can't testify. Part 2: Chapter 22 Analysis We have again the suggestion that the caves themselves have supernatural powers. Adela's account of the incident indicates that she was trying to set up the echo when she was interrupted by the shadow in the entry tunnel.
Moore is not herself and has not been since her encounter with the echo in the cave. We know we can trust Mrs. Moore, and she declares that he is innocent even though she was nowhere near the cave when Adela was attacked.
But the die has been cast. The case will go forward in full fury. Ironically, an Indian will be sitting as the judge because of Ronny's vested interest. Ronny now intervenes on behalf of the Anglo community and spirits his mother out of the country so she will not be able to jeopardize their case. It's clear that getting at the truth is not what this is all about.
Moore's plight, she invited her to sail in her own cabin. Moore was gratified to be missing the trial, the marriage, and the hot weather. She looked forward to going to England and to seeing her other children. Part 2: Chapter 23 Analysis Mrs. Moore has had some sort of spiritual crisis as a result of her experience with the echo. She does not defend what she knows to be right as she would have done in the past but goes along willingly, glad not to be called upon to play a role in the unpleasantness.
Moore is no longer in Ronny's bungalow. The day of the court appearance has arrived, and Adela and her supporters are gathered in Ronny's office. Their chairs have been arranged in the courtroom so they will look dignified. McBryde opens with "Everyone knows the man's guilty," then goes on to give the details of the "assault.
Someone in the room comments, "Even when the lady is so much uglier than the gentleman? The Major demands better accommodations so his patient can have air. He wants her seated on the platform. All their chairs are brought to the platform and the entire party moves. This leaves Mr. Fielding the only European remaining in the body of the hall. Amritrao objects to this move to the platform. He has no problem with Adela's being there, but declares that having all the Anglos on the platform will intimidate witnesses.
Das, the magistrate in charge, agrees, and requires that they all come back down to the floor. However, Adela feels better now that she has seen everyone in the room, and a change comes over her. McBryde tries to present the case as a conspiracy and cites the treatment of Mrs. Moore as one bit of evidence. Mahmoud Ali leaps to his feet and accuses them of smuggling her out of the country so she can't testify. Meanwhile, a chant of "Mrs. Moore" begins in the street, except it sounds out "Esmiss Esmoor.
She is led through the day from the time they arrived until she and Aziz were on the ledge outside the caves where the incident occurred.
She agrees that she went alone into one of the caves. When asked whether the prisoner followed her, she takes a moment to answer, then says "No. Aziz never followed me into the cave. Almost like the echoes in the caves, the conflicts have been building to a roar. There have been demonstrations in the streets, and now those demonstrations venerate Mrs. She becomes, ironically, a sort of Hindu saint. We see this character again as a symbol of what it will take to unite the Anglos and the Indians.
While she is a Christian, her exemplary behavior and attitude have obliterated religious lines. She exists outside the religions and the cultures. Her message is that practicing one's religious principles will bring people together no matter what the religion. Her credo, "God is Love," is the glue that will hold the nation together. The conflict between the natives and the Anglos we know now that the natives have won resoundingly and ironically by the honesty of a white woman.
Aziz is as much offended that anyone would think he would make sexual advances to a woman as ugly as Adela as he is by the lie. As long as this kind of bigotry and intolerance exists, there will never be peace, and this is Mrs. Moore's message to both sides of this conflict.
There are no horses; the trial ended so soon that they are still in the stables. Students come forward and pull it themselves, taking Fielding and Adela to the college. His phone lines have been cut, and the students have taken the carriage, so the only thing he and Adela can do is wait.
Meanwhile, Aziz is with the Indian supporters and Mahmoud wants to attack the collector and the chief of police. Nawab Bahadur as the voice of reason tries to restrain them; he knows that violence against the British will not serve anyone's best interests.
Lal had agreed to testify for the prosecution in hopes of pleasing the English; also, he hates Aziz. He left the trial early, taking his horse to the hospital in hopes the Major would protect him. However, Aziz and his entourage find him first. He pleads and begs for forgiveness. There had been a rumor that Nawab's grandson was being abused at the hospital, so Lal goes and gets the grandson to appease the crowd's anger.
The crisis is over. He says they will rejoice tonight and tells Hamidullah to bring Fielding and Amritrao. It is so hot and everyone is so exhausted that they take naps. Part 2: Chapter 25 Analysis Every action and emotion on this eventful day has been influenced by the extreme heat. In the winding down of the action, Adela is left out of any loop. It's to be expected that Fielding, the peacemaker, will step in and see that she has refuge.
The Indians are not going to treat her as a heroine, and she is not acceptable in her ranks. They don't encourage Fielding to intervene on her behalf. However, this action on his part only underscores the role he has played in the plot. He participates in both cultures and tries to apply reason and intelligence to what happens in their lives. Nawab is yet another peacemaker who is trying to save the situation.
His sacrifice signals the significance of what has happened. He has been an important influence in making the situation between the Anglos and the Indians work as well as it has.
Now he will no longer play that role, and as far as we can tell at this stage, no one will step in and fill his shoes. So the beat will go on. Lal, Aziz's colleague. This character provides a contrast to Fielding, who has done what is right regardless of cost to himself. He isn't interested in developing a friendship with her, but she asks him to help her figure out what happened to her.
She wants to know whether she might have been ill and hallucinating at the time of the incident. After she tells him how she was feeling beforehand, he agrees with her surmise that she was, in fact, hallucinating.
He asks her when she began to feel ill, and she tells him it was after the tea at the college. He recalls that both Aziz and Professor Godbole had become ill after the party also.
She says that she was brought up to be honest, but it doesn't seem to get her anywhere. He says he believes that she had recovered and that the hallucination had disappeared suddenly in court that morning. All she can say is that events presented themselves to her in their logical sequence.
She wants to know what Dr. Aziz thinks of her, and Fielding tells her that Aziz is very bitter. What he doesn't tell her is that Aziz was offended that people would think he had approached a woman who is not pretty. Fielding does not like that in Aziz; he calls it sexual snobbery. The matter of where she will stay is a problem. Fielding thinks she should stay at the college, but Hamidullah has come to pick him up and he feels that it is not their problem.
Fielding sees it otherwise. While they are talking, Ronny comes and tells them that Mrs. Moore has died at sea. Adela cannot go to the Turtons, and she can't come to his bungalow. The decision is made that she will stay at the college for a couple of days and that Fielding will stay elsewhere. Fielding is horrified. It has been a long day. Part 2: Chapter 26 Analysis So what we know is that we don't know exactly what happened in the cave.
This entire collision between the cultures was brought on by "who knows what. Only in the fallout do they become so disastrous. One of the strands that is now being sorted out is what Adela must do to compensate for the damage she has caused. This factor has not entered Fielding's consciousness up to now. Zulfiqar's mansion. Aziz and Fielding discuss compensation from Adela. Fielding disapproves and tries to persuade him to ask her to pay the costs but no more because it will ruin her.
He reminds Aziz what she gave up in order to be honest and save him. He tells him he mustn't listen to the others. Aziz says he will ask Mrs. Moore, and if she says he should let her off the hook he will. He will write to her; she is well on her way to her other children. Fielding didn't know about the other children. He reminds Aziz that Adela behaved decently whereas Mrs. Moore did nothing for him. He tells Aziz that Mrs. Moore is dead, but he does not believe it. Fielding doesn't press it; it will be known by everyone tomorrow.
Part 2: Chapter 27 Analysis The victors have celebrated, and again we find Fielding trying to make certain that the right thing is done. Moore's role has been a significant one, and she is still influencing Aziz. However, she is dead, and she exists now as a venerated Hindu saint. There is foreshadowing here when Aziz is the one who reveals to Fielding that Mrs.
Moore had two other children. Fielding will later marry the daughter and assume the care of the son. Moore became ill soon after the ship departed, and the wife of the lieutenant governor did everything that needed to be done. In Chandrapore, there is a rumor that an Englishman killed his mother for trying to save an Indian's life, and a cult rises up around her.
Adela stays on at the college because there is no other place she can go and she cannot leave until Aziz's suit for damages is settled. Part 2: Chapter 28 Analysis Once more, we are reminded of the incendiary nature of rumor in the Indian community. Now they are saying that Ronny killed his mother, and because of this, they started a cult in her name. He requests, even demands, that he rejoin the club.
Adela stays on at the college for some time and writes Aziz an apology with the help of Fielding. Ronny is being moved to another province, and Adela is being sent back to England. He breaks off the engagement. She promises to write to Fielding; they part good friends and agree to meet sometime in England. She intends to look up Mrs. Moore's other children. Fielding's exemplary behavior does not go unnoticed or unrewarded. He did what was honorable in spite of the risk to his career, and things came right for him.
There's no doubt that Forster is making a point here about human courage and motivation. He does not bring suit for damages from Adela.
One of the servants tries to blackmail her when she is leaving, saying he knows that she had seen Fielding late at night at the college. She throws him out. Now the rumor is rampant in Chandrapore. Part 2: Chapter 30 Analysis Again, the vicious role of rumor in the Indian community comes to the fore.
This rumor will be powerful in the remainder of the playing out of the climax to the story. However, there is also an actual scandal. Nancy Derek and McBryde have been having an affair and it has been discovered by Mrs. McBryde, and she is divorcing him.
A Passage to India by E. About British expatriates in a country titled A Passage to India. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 16 different years. Forster is noted for his use of symbolism as a technique in his novels, and he has been criticized for his attachment to mysticism.
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